He obtained Canadian citizenship in 1973 and was naturalized as a US citizen in 2005. He left Cuba in 1957 to attend the University of Texas at Austin, and after his four-year student visa expired, he sought political asylum in the United States. When he was a teenager in the 1950s, he was beaten by Fulgencio Batista’s agents for opposing the Batista regime. She is three-quarters Irish and one-quarter Italian, and she graduated from Rice University in the 1950s with a bachelor’s degree in mathematics.Ĭruz’s father was born and raised in Cuba, the son of a Canary Islander who moved to the island as a child. Eleanor Wilson was born in the Delaware town of Wilmington. Eleanor Elizabeth (née Darragh) Wilson and Rafael Cruz in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. That is particularly true in this instance, as eight of the eleven members of the committee that proposed the natural born eligibility requirement to the Convention served in the First Congress and none objected to a definition of 'natural born Citizen' that included persons born abroad to citizen parents.Rafael Edward Cruz was born at Foothills Medical Centre on December 22, 1970. "The actions and understandings of the First Congress are particularly persuasive because so many of the Framers of the Constitution were also members of the First Congress. citizens at birth, and explicitly recognized that such children were 'natural born Citizens.' The Naturalization Act of 1790 provided that 'the children of citizens of the United States, that may be born beyond sea, or out of the limits of the United States, shall be considered as natural born citizens: Provided, That the right of citizenship shall not descend to persons whose fathers have never been resident in the United States.' "No doubt informed by this longstanding tradition, just three years after the drafting of the Constitution, the First Congress established that children born abroad to U.S. They were also well documented in Blackstone's Commentaries, a text widely circulated and read by the Framers and routinely invoked in interpreting the Constitution.
"The Framers, of course, would have been intimately familiar with these statutes and the way they used terms like 'natural born,' since the statutes were binding law in the colonies before the Revolutionary War.
to all Intents, Constructions, and Purposes whatsoever.'
These statutes provided that children born abroad to subjects of the British Empire were 'natural-born Subjects. As to the British practice, laws in force in the 1700s recognized that children born outside of the British Empire to subjects of the Crown were subjects themselves and explicitly used 'natural born' to encompass such children. "Both confirm that the original meaning of the phrase 'natural born Citizen' includes persons born abroad who are citizens from birth based on the citizenship of a parent. They also point to British common law and enactments by the First Congress, both of which have been cited by the Supreme Court. resident, "Cruz has been a citizen from birth and is thus a 'natural born Citizen' within the meaning of the Constitution" and the "Naturalization Act of 1790." They say that because Cruz's mother was a U.S.
Bush, wrote earlier this month in the Harvard Law Review that "there is no question" Cruz is eligible. Neal Katyal, who served as acting solicitor general in the Obama administration, and Paul Clement, who was solicitor general under George W. In fact, two of the best-known Supreme Court lawyers - who are not normally on the same side - make the case that Cruz, as were McCain, George Romney and Goldwater, is eligible to run. Constitution states, "No Person except a natural born Citizen.shall be eligible to the Office of President."Īnd most legal scholars agree.
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